Syria Country Facts
Land of ancient civilizations, historical ruins, cultural depth, and resilience through adversity.
Quick Country Facts
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Country Name | Syrian Arab Republic |
| Capital | Damascus |
| Continent | Asia (Middle East) |
| Population | ~22 million (Rank: ~59th globally) |
| Official Language | Arabic |
| Currency | Syrian Pound (SYP) |
| Time Zone | GMT +2 (Standard), +3 (Daylight Saving Time) |
| Calling Code | +963 |
Short Fact: Syria – The Cradle of Civilization with Ancient and Spiritual Roots
Syria is one of the world’s oldest inhabited regions, home to Damascus, Aleppo, and ancient ruins that reflect thousands of years of history.
Long Fact: Syria – A Crossroads of History, Faith, and Culture
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a Middle Eastern nation bordered by Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, and Lebanon, with a small Mediterranean coastline. Its capital, Damascus, is considered one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, with roots going back over 11,000 years.
Syria has played a key role in the rise and fall of great civilizations, from the Mesopotamians and Assyrians to the Romans, Byzantines, and Ottomans. The city of Palmyra, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was once a major caravan hub and cultural center in antiquity.
The country is home to sacred sites of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism, including Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and ancient Christian churches in Aleppo.
Before the civil war that began in 2011, Syria was known for its rich cultural life, diverse communities, vibrant souks, and warm hospitality. The war has caused massive destruction, displacement, and economic hardship, but Syrians have shown remarkable resilience, and the country continues to preserve its historical and spiritual identity.
Syria’s landscape includes deserts, mountain ranges, and fertile plains along the Euphrates River. The climate varies from Mediterranean in the west to arid in the interior.
Culinary traditions are rich and flavorful — dishes like kibbeh, fattoush, hummus, tabbouleh, and baklava are popular.
Though facing immense challenges, Syria’s cultural heritage, ancient landmarks, and historical legacy continue to draw interest and reverence from scholars and travelers alike.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Syria
Q1. What is Syria known for historically?
Ans: Syria is known for being one of the earliest cradles of civilization, home to ancient cities like Damascus and Palmyra.
Q2. What is the capital of Syria?
Ans: The capital is Damascus, one of the world’s oldest inhabited cities.
Q3. What languages are spoken in Syria?
Ans: Arabic is the official language; Kurdish, Armenian, and Aramaic are also spoken in some regions.
Q4. Is Syria safe for tourists now?
Ans: Due to ongoing conflicts and instability, travel is generally not advised without extensive planning and government guidance.
Q5. What are Syria’s main religions?
Ans: Islam is the dominant religion, followed by Christian and Druze minorities.
Q6. What ancient ruins are in Syria?
Ans: Notable sites include Palmyra, Bosra, Krak des Chevaliers, and the Umayyad Mosque.
Q7. What is traditional Syrian food like?
Ans: Dishes include kibbeh, grape leaves, shawarma, and various mezze platters.
Q8. What natural features are in Syria?
Ans: Syria has deserts, mountains, the Euphrates River, and a small coastline.
Q9. What is the population of Syria?
Ans: Approximately 22 million, though accurate figures fluctuate due to displacement.
Q10. What is the official currency of Syria?
Ans: Syrian Pound (SYP).