Iraq Country Facts
Land of ancient Mesopotamia, cradle of civilization, rich heritage, and resilient spirit.
Quick Country Facts
| Field | Detail |
|---|---|
| Country Name | Republic of Iraq |
| Capital | Baghdad |
| Continent | Asia (Middle East) |
| Population | ~44 million (Rank: ~36th globally) |
| Official Language | Arabic, Kurdish |
| Currency | Iraqi Dinar (IQD) |
| Time Zone | GMT +3 |
| Calling Code | +964 |
Short Fact: Iraq – Birthplace of Civilization and Ancient Empires
Iraq is home to Mesopotamia, where writing, law, and urban civilization first emerged — earning it the title, “Cradle of Civilization.”
Long Fact: Iraq – Mesopotamia’s Legacy and the Soul of the Middle East
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a Middle Eastern country situated in Western Asia, bordered by Iran, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait. It is considered one of the most historically significant regions in the world.
The land now called Iraq was once known as Mesopotamia, meaning “Land Between the Rivers,” referring to the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Ancient civilizations such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians rose and flourished here over 5,000 years ago. Legendary cities like Babylon, Ur, and Nineveh were centers of innovation, art, and architecture.
Iraq is where writing systems (cuneiform), early legal codes (Hammurabi’s Code), and advanced astronomy originated, making it one of the most important regions in the development of human civilization.
The modern capital Baghdad, founded in the 8th century, became a hub of science, philosophy, and literature during the Islamic Golden Age. Scholars from across the world gathered here, producing advancements in medicine, mathematics, and theology.
Iraq has faced considerable challenges in recent decades, including wars, international sanctions, and political unrest, but its people remain resilient, proud, and deeply connected to their cultural roots.
The country has significant oil reserves, which fuel its economy, though reconstruction and development remain ongoing. Cities like Erbil (in the Kurdish north) showcase a different side of Iraq, with historic citadels, modern infrastructure, and growing tourism.
Culturally, Iraq is a mix of Arab and Kurdish traditions, with Christian and Yazidi minorities as well. Iraqi cuisine features flavorful dishes like masgouf (grilled fish), kubba, and dolma. Music, poetry, and storytelling are core to its identity.
Despite hardships, Iraq continues to be a treasure trove for archaeologists, historians, and anyone interested in the origins of human civilization.
FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions About Iraq
Q1. What is Iraq known for historically?
Ans: Iraq is known as Mesopotamia, the Cradle of Civilization, where writing, cities, and law first emerged.
Q2. What is the capital of Iraq?
Ans: The capital city is Baghdad.
Q3. What is the population of Iraq?
Ans: Approximately 44 million people live in Iraq.
Q4. What languages are spoken in Iraq?
Ans: Arabic and Kurdish are official languages.
Q5. What is the currency used in Iraq?
Ans: The Iraqi Dinar (IQD).
Q6. Is Iraq safe for tourism?
Ans: Some areas are stable (especially in the Kurdish region), but travel should be approached with caution and government advisory.
Q7. What religions are practiced in Iraq?
Ans: Predominantly Islam (Shia and Sunni), with Christian and Yazidi minorities.
Q8. What are some famous ancient sites in Iraq?
Ans: Babylon, Ur, Nineveh, and the Ziggurat of Ur are among the key sites.
Q9. What rivers flow through Iraq?
Ans: The Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Q10. What is Iraq’s form of government?
Ans: Federal parliamentary republic with democratic elements.